Is the boom of the Open Plan Office over? Read the following article and answer the questions below it:
Article: Kiss the Open Plan Office Goodbye
- Summarize the article and its main points in a few sentences without spendin too much time on details. Basically write down the main points and do as if someone asked you, what was the article all about?
- What percentage of workers in the US work in Open Plan offices? Do you think it is the same in France?
- What does the person from Google say about this concept? What is the main driver for their office design?
- What do you think the authorm means by semi-private rooms? Why is it better than a private room?
- What is the best office design in your opinion to encourage people to socialize and exchange ideas?
B. Is the Open Office Plan at work stressing you out? 5 tips on how to get over this problem
Open offices foster collaboration and innovation. Freedom from the cube! Right? There are advantages, but being exposed to so much stimulation can, at times, be stressful:
Problem: Your neighbors overhear your calls with your podiatrist (and other personal matters).
Solution: Put personal projects, like making phone calls, into a block of time where you can do them back to back, Hanna suggests. Reserve a conference room. Talking about toenail fungus at your desk is just poor manners anyway.
Problem: No breaks. You feel like you constantly have to be productive. Everyone is watching you.
Solution: First, chill out. The truth is that everyone’s too busy with their own to-do list to focus on what you’re up to. Remind yourself that in order to be most productive you have to have some downtime—what we call “strategic recovery.”
Problem: Some offices provide no private place to unwind—and no one makes friends with someone who cries at their desk.
Solution: Put on headphones and listen to calming ocean sounds as you imagine yourself far, far away. Your brain still benefits from the visualization and will even fire neural connections as if you really were on vacation. “Of course you might start crying again when you realize you’re still at work, but the temporary escape will at least boost feel-good endorphins that will lift your spirit and help you get back on track,” she says.
Solution: Put on headphones and listen to calming ocean sounds as you imagine yourself far, far away. Your brain still benefits from the visualization and will even fire neural connections as if you really were on vacation. “Of course you might start crying again when you realize you’re still at work, but the temporary escape will at least boost feel-good endorphins that will lift your spirit and help you get back on track,” she says.
Problem: You’re tired, and sadly it’s not from partying last night. Everyone’s noise, phone calls, and screens actually exhaust your brain.
Solution: Eliminate as many sources of noise as possible (turn off e-mail, turn off the phone … lock your co-workers in a closet ;). The brain is more drawn to experiences like noises, sights, and sounds that are unexpected, so when feeling distracted put on headphones with some calming music.
Solution: Eliminate as many sources of noise as possible (turn off e-mail, turn off the phone … lock your co-workers in a closet ;). The brain is more drawn to experiences like noises, sights, and sounds that are unexpected, so when feeling distracted put on headphones with some calming music.
Problem: You actually like being stressed out. It’s associated with the brain’s reward system, so it’s addictive. The constant buzz of an open floor plan feeds this cycle.
Solution: Dude, get a better addiction. Relaxation can feel like detox if you’re not used to it, causing you to snap right back into stress mode because it’s more comfortable. But nonstop stress decreases productivity and can even kill brain cells. Plan some recovery time. Manage your energy strategically by taking breaks.
Questions
- Does the Open Plan Office stresses you out at times?
- Do follow any of these tips to relax?
- What else can one do to de-stress?
- Do you agree that stress is addictive? Do you know anyone who is addictive to stress?
C. Articles
1. You use an uncount noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.
1. You use an uncount noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.
- I need help!
- I don't eat cheese.
- Do you like music?
- Thanks for the help you gave me yesterday.
- I didn't eat the cheese. It was green!
- Did you like the music they played at the dance?
- Can I borrow a pencil, please?
- There's a cat in the garden!
- Do you have an mp3 player?
- Where's the pencil I lent you yesterday?
- I think the cat belongs to the new neighbours.
- I dropped the mp3 player and it broke.
- Please shut the door!
- I don't like dogs.
- Do they have children?
- I don't need questions. Give me answers!
- I don't eat German cheese.
- Can I borrow a red pencil, please?
- There's an extremely large cat in the garden!
- I don't like small, noisy children.
Read the following article and find the most appropriate article to use in the blank areas.
"Cold Comfort"
by Michael Castleman
Not so long ago, many of us resisted separating glass, cans, and paper out of our garbage. What hassle. Today, of course, every second-grader knows that world's resources are limited and that recycling helps preserve them. We act locally, while thinking globally. It's time to bring same consciousness to health care as we face growing medical crisis: loss of antibiotic effectiveness against common bacterial illnesses. By personally refusing -- or not demanding -- antibiotics for viral illnesses they won't cure, we can each take step toward prolonging overall antibiotic effectiveness.
Media reports have likely made you aware of this problem, but they have neglected implications. Your brother catches cold that turns into sinus infection. His doctor treats him with antibiotics, but bacteria are resistant to all of them. The infection enters his bloodstream -- a condition known as septicemia -- and few days later, your brother dies. (Septicemia is what killed Muppets creator Jim Henson a few years ago.) Or instead of cold, he has infected cut that won't heal, or any other common bacterial disease, such as ear or prostate infection.
Far-fetched? It's not. antibiotics crisis is real. Consider Streptococcus pneumoniae: This common bacterium often causes post-flu pneumonia. (Pneumonia and influenza combined are country's sixth leading cause of death, killing 82,500 Americans in 1996.) Before 1980, less than 1 percent of S. pneumoniae samples showed any resistance to penicillin. As of last May, researchers at Naval Medical Center in San Diego discovered that 22 percent of S. pneumoniae samples were highly resistant to it, with another 15 percent moderately so. And most recent statistics from Sentry Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, which monitors bacterial resistance at 70 medical centers in U.S., Canada, Europe, and South America, show that 44 percent of S. pneumoniae samples in the U.S. are highly resistant, and worldwide, resistance is at all-time high (55 percent).
Strains of S. pneumoniae are also now resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and several other antibiotics. And there's a "plausible risk" that we'll run out of options for treating other types of pneumonia as well, according to infectious disease expert Joshua Lederberg of Rockefeller University in New York. not-too-distant future promises potential failure of medicine's ability to treat broad range of bacterial infections -- from urinary tract infections to meningitis to tuberculosis.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a direct outgrowth of the overuse of these drugs. In classic Darwinian fashion, more doctors prescribe antibiotics, more likely it is for some lucky bacterium blessed with minor genetic variation to survive antibiotic assault-and pass its resistance along to its offspring. The solution is obvious: Doctors should prescribe antibiotics only as last resort.
This strategy works. In early 1990s, Finnish public health authorities responded to rising bacterial resistance to erythromycin by discouraging its use as a first-line treatment for certain infections. From 1991 to 1992, erythromycin consumption per capita dropped 43 percent. By 1996, bacterial resistance to antibiotic had been cut almost in half. But American doctors are doing spectacularly lousy job of keeping their pens off their prescription pads, most notably by prescribing antibiotics for common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). Data from National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey show that bronchitis and URIs account for third of nation's antibiotic prescriptions. Antibiotics treat only bacterial infections and are completely powerless against viral illnesses. Every doctor knows this.
Yet, according to recent study by Dr. Ralph Gonzalez, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, when adults consult physicians for URIs and bronchitis that often follows them, more than half walk out with prescription for antibiotic. If doctors simply stopped prescribing antibiotics for conditions they know don't respond to them, we'd instantly be well on our way to minimizing antibiotic resistance.
Why are doctors so ready to prescribe antibiotics? Physicians are quick to blame public. Patients, they say, demand antibiotics, and doctors are so terrified of malpractice suits they prescribe them to keep their customers happy and their lawyers at bay.
There's another side to story: Doctors are trained that there's pill for every ill (or there should be). All of their medical education conspires to make antibiotic prescription their knee-jerk reaction to any infection, which may or may not have bacterial cause.
In addition, prescribing antibiotics is the doctors' path of least resistance. It's easier than taking time to explain that antibiotics are worthless against viral infections, and to recommend rest, fluids, and vitamin C-or, God forbid, herbal, homeopathic, Chinese, or other complementary treatment. Most medical practices schedule patients at 15-minute intervals. Rather than doing what they know is right for public health, it's much quicker for doctors to whip out the prescription pad and send people on their merry, albeit misinformed way.
In better world, medical education would be less drug-oriented and health care system would encourage doctors to take time to be effective health educators. But even in our imperfect world, some basic health education can help prevent frivolous antibiotic use from boomeranging.
Like our doctors, we Americans have been socialized into believing that antibiotics are miracle drugs that can cure just about everything. They aren't, and they don't. We've also been trained to think that colds and their lingering coughs should clear up in few days. They usually don't -- even if you load up on cold formulas that promise to make all symptoms magically vanish. A study by University of Virginia professor of medicine Jack Gwaltney, one of nation's top cold researchers, shows that nearly one-third of adults with colds are still coughing after 10 days. Meanwhile, according to a recent survey by researchers at Louisiana State University Medical Center in New Orleans, after just five days of cold symptoms, 61 percent of adults are ready to head for their doctors -- and ask for unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
My fellow Americans, the next time you feel cold coming on, mark your calendar. Unless you start coughing up lots of green sputum or develop unusual symptoms -- for example, a fever that does not respond to aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) -- think twice about calling your doctor before two weeks have passed.
What I do instead is, from moment I feel the infection coming on, I drink lots of hot fluids, take 500 to 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C four times a day, suck on zinc lozenge every two waking hours, and mix half a teaspoon of tincture of echinacea, immune-boosting herb, into juice or tea three times a day.
Reliable studies show that these approaches reduce severity and duration of colds. If you develop persistent cough at tail end of your cold, keep taking vitamin C and try an over-the-counter cough suppressant containing dextromethorphan.
If we hope to preserve antibiotic effectiveness, it's up to us, public, to convince doctors to prescribe these drugs only when they're necessary. This from-the- bottom-up approach is nothing new. Health consumers have taken the lead in showing doctors value of fitness, nutrition, and alternative therapies. It's time we get serious about antibiotics.
by Michael Castleman
Not so long ago, many of us resisted separating glass, cans, and paper out of our garbage. What hassle. Today, of course, every second-grader knows that world's resources are limited and that recycling helps preserve them. We act locally, while thinking globally. It's time to bring same consciousness to health care as we face growing medical crisis: loss of antibiotic effectiveness against common bacterial illnesses. By personally refusing -- or not demanding -- antibiotics for viral illnesses they won't cure, we can each take step toward prolonging overall antibiotic effectiveness.
Media reports have likely made you aware of this problem, but they have neglected implications. Your brother catches cold that turns into sinus infection. His doctor treats him with antibiotics, but bacteria are resistant to all of them. The infection enters his bloodstream -- a condition known as septicemia -- and few days later, your brother dies. (Septicemia is what killed Muppets creator Jim Henson a few years ago.) Or instead of cold, he has infected cut that won't heal, or any other common bacterial disease, such as ear or prostate infection.
Far-fetched? It's not. antibiotics crisis is real. Consider Streptococcus pneumoniae: This common bacterium often causes post-flu pneumonia. (Pneumonia and influenza combined are country's sixth leading cause of death, killing 82,500 Americans in 1996.) Before 1980, less than 1 percent of S. pneumoniae samples showed any resistance to penicillin. As of last May, researchers at Naval Medical Center in San Diego discovered that 22 percent of S. pneumoniae samples were highly resistant to it, with another 15 percent moderately so. And most recent statistics from Sentry Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, which monitors bacterial resistance at 70 medical centers in U.S., Canada, Europe, and South America, show that 44 percent of S. pneumoniae samples in the U.S. are highly resistant, and worldwide, resistance is at all-time high (55 percent).
Strains of S. pneumoniae are also now resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and several other antibiotics. And there's a "plausible risk" that we'll run out of options for treating other types of pneumonia as well, according to infectious disease expert Joshua Lederberg of Rockefeller University in New York. not-too-distant future promises potential failure of medicine's ability to treat broad range of bacterial infections -- from urinary tract infections to meningitis to tuberculosis.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a direct outgrowth of the overuse of these drugs. In classic Darwinian fashion, more doctors prescribe antibiotics, more likely it is for some lucky bacterium blessed with minor genetic variation to survive antibiotic assault-and pass its resistance along to its offspring. The solution is obvious: Doctors should prescribe antibiotics only as last resort.
This strategy works. In early 1990s, Finnish public health authorities responded to rising bacterial resistance to erythromycin by discouraging its use as a first-line treatment for certain infections. From 1991 to 1992, erythromycin consumption per capita dropped 43 percent. By 1996, bacterial resistance to antibiotic had been cut almost in half. But American doctors are doing spectacularly lousy job of keeping their pens off their prescription pads, most notably by prescribing antibiotics for common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). Data from National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey show that bronchitis and URIs account for third of nation's antibiotic prescriptions. Antibiotics treat only bacterial infections and are completely powerless against viral illnesses. Every doctor knows this.
Yet, according to recent study by Dr. Ralph Gonzalez, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, when adults consult physicians for URIs and bronchitis that often follows them, more than half walk out with prescription for antibiotic. If doctors simply stopped prescribing antibiotics for conditions they know don't respond to them, we'd instantly be well on our way to minimizing antibiotic resistance.
Why are doctors so ready to prescribe antibiotics? Physicians are quick to blame public. Patients, they say, demand antibiotics, and doctors are so terrified of malpractice suits they prescribe them to keep their customers happy and their lawyers at bay.
There's another side to story: Doctors are trained that there's pill for every ill (or there should be). All of their medical education conspires to make antibiotic prescription their knee-jerk reaction to any infection, which may or may not have bacterial cause.
In addition, prescribing antibiotics is the doctors' path of least resistance. It's easier than taking time to explain that antibiotics are worthless against viral infections, and to recommend rest, fluids, and vitamin C-or, God forbid, herbal, homeopathic, Chinese, or other complementary treatment. Most medical practices schedule patients at 15-minute intervals. Rather than doing what they know is right for public health, it's much quicker for doctors to whip out the prescription pad and send people on their merry, albeit misinformed way.
In better world, medical education would be less drug-oriented and health care system would encourage doctors to take time to be effective health educators. But even in our imperfect world, some basic health education can help prevent frivolous antibiotic use from boomeranging.
Like our doctors, we Americans have been socialized into believing that antibiotics are miracle drugs that can cure just about everything. They aren't, and they don't. We've also been trained to think that colds and their lingering coughs should clear up in few days. They usually don't -- even if you load up on cold formulas that promise to make all symptoms magically vanish. A study by University of Virginia professor of medicine Jack Gwaltney, one of nation's top cold researchers, shows that nearly one-third of adults with colds are still coughing after 10 days. Meanwhile, according to a recent survey by researchers at Louisiana State University Medical Center in New Orleans, after just five days of cold symptoms, 61 percent of adults are ready to head for their doctors -- and ask for unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
My fellow Americans, the next time you feel cold coming on, mark your calendar. Unless you start coughing up lots of green sputum or develop unusual symptoms -- for example, a fever that does not respond to aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) -- think twice about calling your doctor before two weeks have passed.
What I do instead is, from moment I feel the infection coming on, I drink lots of hot fluids, take 500 to 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C four times a day, suck on zinc lozenge every two waking hours, and mix half a teaspoon of tincture of echinacea, immune-boosting herb, into juice or tea three times a day.
Reliable studies show that these approaches reduce severity and duration of colds. If you develop persistent cough at tail end of your cold, keep taking vitamin C and try an over-the-counter cough suppressant containing dextromethorphan.
If we hope to preserve antibiotic effectiveness, it's up to us, public, to convince doctors to prescribe these drugs only when they're necessary. This from-the- bottom-up approach is nothing new. Health consumers have taken the lead in showing doctors value of fitness, nutrition, and alternative therapies. It's time we get serious about antibiotics.
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